Articles in this archive: 3. Topic: Basics.
A factory reset reinstalls Windows, but does it change your HWID? Learn which hardware IDs stay the same, which software IDs may change, and how to verify them.
September 13, 2026 · 6 min read
Compare what hardware IDs, IP addresses and browser fingerprints identify, who can read them, how often they change and which use cases fit each signal.
July 23, 2026 · 2 min read
Learn what a hardware ID is, which device values it may use, how identifiers are normalized and hashed, and how HWIDs differ from browser fingerprints.
July 19, 2026 · 7 min read